There's an election coming up soon in Florida, and since I signed up to vote by mail I have my ballot now. I'm registered as a democrat, so my version of the ballot lets me vote for candidates in the democratic primary elections, as well as in elections for non-partisan positions like judges and school board members. Interestingly, I also get to choose between two republicans in a "universal primary" for District 5 County Commissioner, because Florida law opens up the primaries to all registered voters if all the primary candidates are from one party.
I tried to do a reasonable amount of a research into all the candidates before I marked my ballot, looking not only at the candidates' own campaign websites, but also at what the local newspapers and trusted pundits were saying about them. The News-Press usually has some local candidate information, and I think it's viewable even to non-subscribers. (I actually subscribed to that newspaper recently, which is the first time I've ever purchased a newspaper subscription. It seems to be a good local news source that covers shit in more detail than you get on the TV news. Also, I know and admire some of the writers a lot, including Amy Bennett Williams and Chad Gillis who have often covered science and environment stories I've weighed in on.)
Anyway, this is what I marked (the X is who I voted for), with a little explanation of why:
United States Senator -
Angie Nixon (X)
Alex Vindaman
- Both senate candidates have admirable qualities such as being willing to speak truth to power at personal risk. However, I chose Angie Nixon because of her support for peace in Gaza where my friend Rachel was killed by an Israeli bulldozer in 2003 in a pattern of violence against Palestinian civilians, aid workers, and human rights activists that the US has abetted for far too long. This needs to change.
US Congressional Representative for District 19 (Byron Donalds' seat) -
Victor Arias
Robert M. Neeld Howard Sapp (X) -
- Sapp is a respected local leader who has been in tough political races before. He has also raised the most money.
Governor and Lieutenant Governor -
Evelyn Castillo-Bach
Thomas Eloy Fernandez
Dayna Marie Foster
David Jolly / Gwen Graham Dotie Joseph (X)
Stephann Norman
- Dotie Joseph is an legitimate democrat with 8 years experience in the Florida House. David Jolly is the favorite in this race but he was a republican until recently, which I think is suspicious.
Chief Financial Officer
Earle Ford Annette Taddeo (X)
- Taddeo has political experience and seems to unequivocally support stuff I care about.
Commissioner of Agriculture Joey Mendoza Atkins (X)
Donald A. "Don" Prichard
- Mendoza Atkins says he'll actually follow the recommendations of the Blue Green Algae Task force, which includes some scientists I admire. Also, Mendoza Atkins is the only candidate with a website.
Board of County Commissioners District 5 Amanda Cochran REP (X)
Trish Petrosky REP
- Cochran is a rural Lee County resident opposed to sprawl and endorsed by the non-partisan "Vote Water" environmental organization. Petrosky on the other hand was appointed by Governor DeSantis, is not really from around here, and is expected to be a rubber stamp for environment-destroying special interests
Circuit Court Judge 20th Group 19 Vera Bergermann (X)
James Stewart
- Stewart was appointed by Governor DeSantis. That suggests that Stewart has far right conservative views like DeSantis does. Bergermann was not appointed by DeSantis and is more likely to have independent views.
Circuit Court Judge 20th Group 27 Ryan Kuhl (X)
Amanda Levy-Reis
- Levy-Reis was appointed by Governor DeSantis. That suggests that Levy-Reis has far right conservative views like DeSantis does. Kuhl was not appointed by DeSantis and is more likely to have independent views.
County Judge Group 5 Mike Colombo (X) - Not appointed by DeSantis
Javier A. Pachecho - Appointed by DeSantis
- Pachecho was appointed by Governor DeSantis. That suggests that Pachecho has far right conservative views like DeSantis does. Colombo was not appointed by DeSantis and is more likely to have independent views.
School Board Member District 6
Jada Langford Fleming India Palencia (X)
- Fleming is one of those ultra-conservative "anti-woke" crusaders who I think are dumbing down and education and censoring important topics. Palencia is known for standing up for minorities.
I read on the Internet that you’re having a hard time. I
believe it because I have been alive since 1979 and even my “successful” life
has had lots of internal woe, scrawled across the pages of diaries
intermittently kept since high school. Life
is hard in the ways it has always been hard, such as the struggles of family
dynamics, school, work, forming friendships, finding romance, finding a deeper
meaning, coping with physical and mental illness, and facing inevitable aging
and death. However, life is also hard in uniquely modern ways, such as the
constant flood of misery, temptation, judgement, and deception delivered
through billionaire-owned social media networks to your very addictive mobile
computing devices.
Life is hard for women, too. You may not want to hear this,
or may not believe it, but it’s even harder for women than it is for you. This
is because women face all the timeless and modern hardships listed above, plus additional,
serious dangers and hardships from living in still-male-dominated societies. That
monologue about women’s plight in the Barbie movie nailed it.
This post isn’t meant to be a debate of who has it harder,
and I’m not trying to make you feel worse than you already feel about your male
struggles. It’s just important to remember that women are struggling, too, and its often because of us.
In your defense, there ARE some specific, extra struggles
associated with being male. I’m not talking about the risk of testicle injuries
(although that is a thing). I’m talking about social and emotional struggles. I
want to identify some of those struggles and address how we deal with them. How
we deal with them has implications not only for our personal happiness but for whether
we affect society positively or negatively. Some specific hazards and hardships
of the male circumstance include:
1.A ridiculous excess of sexual and romantic
desire. The male libido hits like a meteor at puberty and burns for decades. It
supplies a lot of anxious motivation and not a lot of satisfaction. The desire
for romantic love is another burning meteor, though that one at least has a
chance of finding a stable orbit. Developing positive, romantic and sexual relationship(s)
in real life IS worth working towards, after attending to the even more
important things like a roof over your head and a supportive network of friends
and family. However, if you’re trying to sculpt your real life to meet 100% of
your testicles’ ridiculous desires you’re in great danger of becoming a
selfish, awful, tragic person. Chasing too hard after impossible desires can
really hurt you, and others. For example, people who leverage money and power and/or
deviously manipulate others to meet their desires can end up as monsters like
Epstein and Weinstein. In addition to those infamous abusers of power, there
are legions of lower-profile predators and creeps who have hurt women, and legions of sad dudes who have hurt themselves by wasting all their money on porn, how-to-be-a-player
courses, strip clubs, prostitutes, etc. Don’t let yourself or your bros become those
guys. It’s part of the human condition that there will always be a large portion
of your desires that just can’t be met, realistically, ethically, or
financially. Some combination of acceptance, imagination, and laughing at
yourself will get you through.
2.The sense of entitlement and deficit of responsibility
that come from living in a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is a social system
where men hold primary power, dominating roles in political leadership, moral
authority, social privilege, and control of property. There are different
degrees of patriarchy, but the USA is still strongly patriarchal according to
every economic and social thing we can measure. Males get a lot of perks and
privileges that women don’t get. For example, expectations for responsibility are
MUCH lower for boys and men than they are for girls and women. Cartoon
characters illustrate this well. We think boys like Bart Simpson, teenagers
like Beavis and Butthead, and men like Homer Simpson are endearingly hilarious
in their bad behavior, while their female counterparts Lisa Simpson, Daria
Morgendorfer, and Marge Simpson have to be responsible all the time.
Rarely
having to clean up our own messes, consider others’ needs, or pay the full
price of our transgressions means males in a patriarchy grow up without
developing the full responsibility and moral skillsets that all humans should
have. Or we’re slow to develop them. We think we’re special good boys and nice
guys when actually we’re morally stunted jerks who can’t deal with real life
and who put a huge burden on others. We have this immature fantasy that at some point we'll slay a dragon and be adored and in the meantime we can't stoop to do our own laundry or vacuum the floor. That’s the bad edge of the patriarchy
sword. Here’s a personal example: I grew up thinking of myself as a super
special nice guy who could do no wrong, and I persisted in that view even when
I was being selfish and ridiculous in early relationships. This doomed me to
hard lessons and delayed social/emotional maturity, and of course it was hard
on whoever I was dating.
3.The toxic competitiveness dynamic. Guys
experience weird pressures and expectations from living in societies that
over-inflate the importance of male “greatness” and hierarchical position. You’re
supposed to be a big hero, or a big stud; the brightest peacock in the flock. Someone
is always trying to make you feel bad and insecure for not being man enough,
and they’re selling you muscle growth powder, penis enlargers, get-rich-quick schemes,
etc. They say it’s not enough just to be a good person and good team player. The
message is that 99% of men are worthless, ugly, too-poor, and too-short and
wimpy, and you’re going to be miserable and loveless unless you can dominate
all the competition and become some kind of warlord pimp Adonis. Now it’s true
that there is some disparity in the amount of attention paid to flashy versus
average guys, and some women have terrible, superficial tastes in men, just as most
men have terrible, superficial tastes in women. It’s also true that there is
some real unfairness in terms of the genetic cards we’re dealt, which I
addressed in the 2010 post “Ugliness, Fairness, and Happiness.” But the world is not
nearly the all-or-nothing, winners-dominate-losers kind of world that the
manosphere influencers say it is. The “nice guys finish last” thing is not true. There are many ways that a not-so-flashy guy can find his niche in the
world through cooperation, kindness, consistency, etc. You can flavor your niceness with a little pizazz without going to the extremes of being a macho jerk. The natural way to do it is to lean into the things you're good at and see where they lead. I got a lot of mileage out of windsurfing and science as a bachelor, and those are things I liked doing anyways. Compared with the warlord
pimp Adonis, who will be hated by most people and likely deposed quickly by the
next aspiring warlord pimp Adonis, a humble good guy will develop a stable network
of people around him who actually appreciate him and will help and support him
as he has helped and supported them. Another reward of developing your goodness
rather than striving for greatness (a.k.a. clout), is that it makes a better
world for EVERYONE, not just you.
Conclusion: The unfairness of the world is real, but the manosphere’s
advice for how you should deal with that unfairness is terrible. Their advice
is like, “You have to seize power for yourself by becoming a dominant, aggressive,
alpha male. Showing any empathy or kindness towards others will just make you a
loser.” Every man competing to be an alpha male, and ignoring essential-to-the-fabric-of-society things like cooperation and niceness, is a recipe for both personal and civilizational disaster. In fact I think idolizing and enabling alpha male types has contributed a lot to the dysfunctional, right-wing, authoritarian oligarchy we have today. For all but a very few well-positioned billionaires
and political elites, the optimal strategy for the self is actually to be LESS selfish;
to create a fair, egalitarian society through cooperation, niceness, and
holding abusers and exploiters to account. Working TOGETHER we can ALL get ahead.
My recent "fast" from FaceBook has given me the free time and head space to finally do something I should have done a long time ago- Download and rehost all my old blog photos that were formerly hosted on Photobucket. Photobucket is an awful, exploitative, F-rated by the Better Business Bureau company that has horribly mistreated its customers for decades and deserves to go out of business + probably have its executives fined and imprisoned. Even now that I've cancelled the autopayment on my account, I've been so wronged by them for years that I half expect them to still charge me next month somehow. I'll watch my bank account carefully to make sure I don't get robbed again.
On a better note, going through my old blog posts from 2007 - 2017 has been a personally poignant experience, forcing me to reflect on the ups and downs of my adult life so far. Sometimes I cringe at the things I did or said in the past, or my general tone: judgemental, sophomoric, bragging and humble-bragging, etc. I have alternately tried on wise-old-man and cool-young-dude voices with neither being quite genuine. But overall I feel good about my process and progress as a human being. I'm proud of hacking it fairly well as a marine biologist, husband, and amateur watersports athelete, and I'm proud of maintaining a pretty good moral posture in a politically fraught and environmentally threatened world starved for love and goodness. In addition to the stuff suitable for blogging there have been some behind-the-scenes challenges and sad chapters that I think have weathered me helpfully. There is a long and rough road ahead but I'll keep walking it (and blogging it) as well as I can.
PS- If you want to get a little "catch up" on the parts of the journey that are most interesting to you, the links on the sidebar to search the blog by different keywords and time periods could be useful.
Last night and tonight will be among the coldest nights in SW Florida since Rhonda and I moved here in 2012. I don't think it's actually going to freeze, but it will get down to like 1 or 2 degrees Celsius, which is very cold for here. As usual the news and local authorities are making a big deal about cold-stunned green iguanas (Iguana iguana) falling out of trees. This year they're encouraging citizens to round up the cold-stunned ones and deliver them to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for an opportunistic mass murder event.
I will not be participating in that. Green iguanas may be non-native, but they're peaceful, lazy vegetarians that seem to be very low on the harm scale compared to other invasives. I don't see how removing them from urban areas, which are already super invaded by HUMANS and all the non-native plants and animals we surround ourselves with, makes those areas any more natural. Maybe I'm biased because I had a cute iguana named Spike when I was a kid in Washington State, and whenever I see a feral iguana here it makes me think of him.
Today walking around a local park (I won't say which one) I came across this very chilly and sluggish young iguana doing her best to warm up on a south-facing mound of dirt. I'm hoping she makes it through the night and evades the do-gooders who would bag her off to iguana Auschwitz.
Sometime in the mid 1980s, in Red Square at The Evergreen State College, I took my first terrified pedal on a bike with no training wheels. I think my dad held the seat at first, and then let go once I got going. Some crying and mild injuries were involved and it took some more time before I decided I liked biking. So, same story as learning to windsurf. Once I was big enough my parents bought me a mountain bike with gear shifters and hand brakes, and I made good use of it for play and early transportation independence. For example, when I did sailing day camp I would ride 2.3 km to the nearest bus stop (at Evergreen), lock up the bike, then ride the bus to the marina downtown. There was also a phase where I was riding it to high school (7 km), riding it to work at McDonalds (7.7 km), or riding it to the gym to lift weights (8.8 km). Those "long" rides had an element of self-paced athletic challenge that was confidence-building for me as someone who remained deathly afraid of school sports and other competitive stuff.
I'm not sure how it happened (maybe suggested by parents?), but in 1997 my Seattle friend Josh and I signed up for the 330 km (very long) "Seattle to Portland" bicycle ride. Racers do it in one day but normal riders do it in two, staying overnight in a gymasium or fairgrounds or something near the halfway point. The STP required some preparation because neither Josh nor I had ever ridden close to that distance previously. I prepped by getting some less-knobby tires for the mountain bike, putting little toe-baskets on the pedals, and finding some spandex shorts with paddling in the "seat" area. I did some longish rides around Olympia leading up to the race and figured I'd be fine. I was so confident I didn't even wear the padded shorts the first day (mistake). By the end of the second day I had identifed SEVEN different types of excruciating malady affecting my butt and private areas. I don't remember all seven now, but some were chafing, bruising, and blocked circulation. My legs were also so tired I could barely walk up stairs. So even though it was a neat to have done, the extreme butt-torture aspect of it effectively turned off any nascent interest in long distance bike riding / racing. Once I recovered I got back to using the bike for commuting and stuff, but never signed up for another long ride or race.
Anyway, there were no major changes to my bike situation for the next 29 years. The one I used for commuting in college was a mountain bike. I don't think I had a bike in grad school or in my postdoc jobs after that. Shortly after I moved to Florida in 2012 I got a silver Schwinn at Walmart that suited me well. I'm not sure what you'd call it- maybe a city-bike or a touring bike? It had 29 inch tires with fairly smooth tread, and it seemed efficient. The original handlebars curved back towards the seat which put you in an upright posture like the wicked witch of the west. I didn't like that but I traded to the straight handlebars of my wife's mountain bike so we both got the kind of handlebars and riding posture we like. I didn't use it regularly until 2022 when we moved close enough to FGCU that I could easily bike to work every day. A couple years of daily use and outdoor storage (I put a tarp over it but it still gets wet) degraded it to the point where each time I took it for a tune-up they lectured me that it would be cheaper to just get a new one. It's not my style to get rid of things that still work, but when I learned that my windsurfing buddy Max is a bike afficionado / refurbished bike dealer I got curious about what he might have for me.
For all my encyclopedic knowledge of wind and paddleboards equipment, I really don't know shit about bicycles. I wasn't even sure what kind of bicycle I would want if I could have any kind. But I'll admit to being a little road-bike-curious from seeing all the fit retiree road bikers zooming along Florida's straight, flat roads; often zooming past me even when I felt like I was riding fairly fast on my Walmart Schwinn. I also watched that Netflix series about the Tour de France and related to it because of its similarities to SUP racing (drafting, etc.). And even going WAY back to when I was a kid, I was curious about those ram's horns handlebars on my dad's ancient road bike in the garage that I never saw anyone ride. So when Max said he had various road bike variations I could try and maybe buy, I rode over there as fast as my Schwinn would take me.
Max and his wife Marissa are new parents, so an even-more-interesting-than-bicycles thing at their place was checking out their very cute baby and getting the rundown on all his precocious achievements, dietary experimentation, allergen exposure regime, etc. The first time I saw the baby (during a windsurfing session at the quarry lake Max lives on), he was very new and behaving like a bread loaf in a bread box. However, this time he was crawling around, pulling the dog's tail, making and imitating facial expressions, and generally indicating rapid progression towards being a delightful handful for his parents.
At some point we moved to the garage / bicycle laboratory and checked out Max' impressive hoard of bikes and parts. He had one "beater" bike that was sort of a road bike but with straight handlebars and simpler gearing, so I tried that first to build confidence. I didn't immediately crash, so it was on to the real road bike that Max had in mind for me.
This is the bike:
It seemed super fancy and high-performance, with carbon fiber components and clever aerodynamic and shock-absorbing details of frame, seat post, etc. Would I be able to ride it, though? The narrow, low handlebars and very leaned-forward posture were an awkward adjustment, but I tentatively rolled down the avenue. Even with hands on top of the handlebars I was way more aerodynamically positioned than on my old bike, and with hands on the dropped down part of the bars I felt extremely speed-crouched like a downhill skier. I don't know which aspects of a road bike are most important for making it faster than a normal bike, but the ducked posture and narrow/hard tires obviously contribute. The scariest road bike adjustment, where I felt most at risk of crashing, was switching hands between the upper and lower handle bar positions. Getting more confident with my weight distribution and balance is making that easier, though. The racey seat was uncomfortable at first, but slightly adjusting the height and angle helped a lot. Max and Marissa talked about humans' "sit bones" and the importance of getting them lined up with the supportive parts of the seat. I'm not sure I have the personal anatomical awareness to detect when I'm seated right, but I'll work on it.
At the end of the testing and tuning rides in Max's neighborhood I left my Schwinn with Max and rode home with what was now MY road bike. I tracked the ride with my GPS watch so I can start getting an idea of how fast the bike goes with different levels of effort. I got home a few minutes faster than I got to Max' house, but I was also riding harder and didn't hit the traffic lights and stuff the same so it's not a fair comparison. Maybe I'll do some more testing over the weekend. In the meantime I'm riding the bike to work and getting more tuned to it.
One marshmallow now or two marshmallows later? Delaying gratification to achieve a greater good for oneself or the world is a fundamental challenge of adulting, if not THE fundamental challenge of adulting. Convincing myself that something hard is worth it, then really FEELING that it's worth it, is not easy.
With that said, I'm taking a more serious than usual approach to New Year's resolutions this year. My overall goal is to establish a more functional, integrated approach to work, wellness, and righting the wrongs of the world. More handling, less hand wringing, if you will.
Hopefully posting about this doesn't jinx my attempts, but SO FAR things are going well. My specific resolutions / actions have been:
1. Make better use of at-the-desk time at work to ensure progress on long-term goals like publishing papers. Towards this end I have dusted off the "JamesWorkLog.xlsx" spreadsheet that Rhonda inspired me to make back in 2023. (It's based on the one she uses to track her writing work.) I can't share the whole thing because parts of it are too embarrassing or profane, but below is a screenshot of part of last week, which went well.
Something that's making this both easier and more important is that my boss reduced my teaching load by one class for this semester only. So this is my chance to get ahead and I don't want to blow it.
2. A parallel resolution is to avoid getting sucked into unproductive doom-scrolling. I.e., I can get the gist of our planetary plight and ghastly descent into fascism over morning coffee at home and a few hallway and cafeteria conversations at work. I don't need to constantly traumatize myself to the point of losing focus during the day or losing sleep at night. I want to be informed enough to do my part for citizen resistance while maintaining the ecologist / professor work activities that (I believe) are also a force for good in the world.
The other motivation for doom-scrolling less is to withhold attention and advertising revenue from the big tech "broligarchs" like Mark Zuckerberg who have chosen to financially support the fascist Trump regime. I still have a lot of room for improvement in this area since, for instance, this blog is hosted by Google, and their billionaire CEO Sundar Pichai is one of the creepy oligarchs who donated a million dollars to Trump's inauguration party as an obvious tithe for the king.
Specific actions that I have taken so far for digital wellness and ethics are:
a) I uninstalled the FaceBook app from my phone.
b) I forbade myself from checking news or social media at work, with the exception of I still let myself scroll bluesky on my phone at lunch. This has been hard but I have kept it up so far and it has already helped me, I think. The temptation to doom-scroll hits hardest when my concentration is needed to complete a difficult or anxiety-inducing task, but when I resist the temptation I keep both the time and the mental mojo I need for the task.
c) I'm trying to do a "FaceBook fast" for a while (from a few days ago until groundhog day) to see how that goes and if it's something I could do more permanently. There are both pros and cons to that. Like, I reach more people when I post something on FaceBook than when I just post it on this blog and bluesky. But the more read it is on FaceBook the more money it makes for evil Meta corp, abettors of fascism.
d) I removed the ad banners from this blog (today). In 15 years they earned me a total of about $200, and (if I did my math right) over the same time period they earned evil Google corp, abettors of fascism on par with Meta, about $94. Now my blog shall burden Google's servers while giving them nothing in return. NOTHING! On a deeper level it seems like it's always the case that the nearly powerless masses must make great collective sacrifices to finally disempower their greedy masters. Taking down my ads is not a great sacrifice, but it's like, a warm-up for exercising that principle.
e) I decided to make reading my personal emails a thing again, after about a year of basically never checking the account because I was only barely able to keep up with my work email account. To the extent that I eschew FaceBook I will be more dependent on the old-Internet mode of using email to keep up with family, friends, and if anybody ever comments on my blog. <waits patiently>
f) When I am looking at news or bluesky I'm trying prioritize thoughtful newsletters and blog posts and stuff over the general clickbait articles. Like reading blog posts from historian Heather Cox Richardson and economist Robert Reich.
Something I haven't done YET, but is on my list to do, is extricate myself from super-evil, F-rated by the Better Business Bureau company "Photobucket," which has been extorting me for $6.99/month for years for hosting my old blog images, heavily watermarked. It was a free service when I started using it in conjunction with my blog in the early 2000s, but then they basically destroyed my blog and held my precious memories for ransom with their black-mirror-like policy change in 2017, earning them the F-rating.
3. The final resolution thing is "wellness," which I've partially addressed with the above-discussion of how I'm trying to avoiding mojo-stealing doom-scrolling. For physical wellness I'm already in an OK place of getting a bit of daily exercise by biking to work, always taking the stairs at work, paddleboarding or windsurfing whenever I can, and jogging when I can't find time for any other type of exercise. The change for 2026 is just to be a little more pragmatic and less uptight about exercising (like, just choose an activity and do it instead stressing so much over what where and when), and to add the gym at work as another "when I can't make time to get on the water" option.
As we lurch into this gruesome new chapter of American history,
we’re throwing around a lot of words that end in -ism, -archy, and -ocracy. However,
most of us (myself included) don’t know the words’ meanings as well as we
should, resulting in some misuse and misunderstanding. To help myself and
others organize the words, I’ve made a list. The definitions are copied from
the dictionary at https://www.merriam-webster.com/
with no changes other than formatting, but I added my personal commentary and
interpretation below each definition. Note that a lot of these terms legitimately overlap, like monarchy is a type of autocracy. So this isn't an, "if it's one thing it's not the other thing" situation.
Section 1: isms
ism [as a word by itself] (noun)
1: a distinctive doctrine, cause, or theory
2: an oppressive and especially discriminatory attitude or
belief
*We don’t’ use “ism” by itself very much. However, it’s
interesting that it has two possible meanings: 1- A system you follow, like capitalism and Buddhism, which could be good or bad. 2- A negative attitude. The negative definition of ism comes from its use in
words like racism, sexism, and ageism. (See definition 1c of the -ism suffix.)
-ism [as the ending of a word] (noun suffix)
1a: act : practice : process (e.g., criticism, plagiarism)
1b: manner of action or behavior characteristic of a
(specified) person or thing (e.g., animalism)
1c: prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a
(specified) attribute (e.g., racism, sexism, ageism)
*The 1a and 1b kinds of -ism words aren’t particularly
relevant to economics and politics, but the 1c kinds of -ism are. For example, propaganda
produced by fascist demagogues (more on them later) provokes racism, sexism, anti-intellectualism
and other isms to misdirect working-class anger away from the ruling class and towards
scapegoat groups. Not all prejudices have -ism words, though. For example, homophobia
and transphobia (prejudices against gay and transgender people) don’t have ism
words. Xenophobia (fear of foreigners) has a similar meaning to nativism, although
we don’t use either of those words very often. We usually just describe that
attitude as being “anti-immigrant.”
-ism [as the ending of a word] (noun suffix)
2a: state : condition : property (e.g., barbarianism)
2b: abnormal state or condition resulting from excess of a
specified thing (e.g., alcoholism) or marked by resemblance to such a person or
thing (e.g., giantism)
*The 2a and 2b type of -ism words aren’t usually relevant
to economics and politics, but the 2b type can come up indirectly such as in
discussions of whether an ism like narcissism (an excessive sense of one’s own importance often coupled with an inability to
understand and care about others) is a problematic trait in a leader.
-ism [as the ending of a word] (noun suffix)
3a: doctrine : theory : religion (e.g., Buddhism)
3b: adherence to a system or a class of principles (e.g., stoicism)
4: characteristic or peculiar feature or trait (e.g., colloquialism)
*The type 3a and 3b -ism words, which include capitalism,
communism, fascism, etc., are the main ones that come up in economic and
political discussions. Some are defined below.
Populism
1: a political philosophy or movement that represents or is
claimed to represent the interests of ordinary people especially against the
Establishment
2: general concern for ordinary people
*Populism can be a good way of motivating people to fight
against real injustice, like when you need an angry mob with torches and
pitchforks to oust an evil king. But populism can also describe the technique
of stoking public anger and directing it towards selfish ends, such as putting
yourself in power. This is how a “demagogue” uses populism. A good example of
unscrupulous populism/demagoguery was when Donald Trump lied about the 2020
election being stolen and rallied an angry mob to storm the capitol on January
6th, 2021 as an attempt to subvert democracy and stay in power. Populism is one of the ingredients in the next ism, Fascism.
Fascism
1: a
populist political philosophy, movement, or regime (such as that of the Fascisti) that
exalts nation and often race above the individual, that is associated with a centralized
autocratic government
headed by a dictatorial leader,
and that is characterized by severe economic and social regimentation and by
forcible suppression of opposition
2: a tendency toward or actual exercise of
strong autocratic or dictatorial control
*In World War II, the Axis powers (the bad guys; Germany,
Italy, Japan, etc.) were all lead by fascist leaders. Fascism is a “far right”
political philosophy with extreme social and economic conservatism,
authoritarianism, nationalism, sexism, and nativism. Fascists get into power
with promises to strengthen the nation or glorify a chosen race or religion,
then they greatly empower a small group of rulers or a dictator, brutally
oppress all opposition, and ultimately lead the whole nation and themselves to ruin.
There has never been a “good” fascism. In the video below, American economist
Robert Reich assesses whether Donald Trump is a fascist. Spoiler alert – Yes,
100%.
Nationalism
1: an ideology that elevates one nation or
nationality above all others and that places primary emphasis on promotion of
its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations, nationalities,
or supranational groups
(like the European Union or the United Nations)
2: support for and promotion of the political
independence or self-determination of a nation or people
3: a nationalist movement or government
*Nationalism is related to patriotism (which I talked about
in a previous blog post https://jimbodouglass.blogspot.com/2018/05/patriotism-good-bad-or-its-complicated.html),
but it’s an excessive, aggressive type of patriotism full of hate for other
countries and often racism and nativism. I think the American Republican party’s “tea party” wing, which has morphed
into Donald Trump’s “MAGA” movement, is a form of nationalism. "White nationalism" is an explicitly racist form of nationalism that has also come to the fore with the tea party and MAGA.
Colonialism
1a: domination of a people or area by a foreign
state or nation : the practice of extending and maintaining a
nation's political and economic control over another people or area
b: the policy of or belief in acquiring and
retaining colonies
*Usually we think of colonialism as the expansion of
European countries’ global influence from the 1400s to the 1900s; part of
history but not part of the present. For most of my life (1979 – ), when we
talked about colonialism it was about the problematic legacy of colonialism.
I.e., how past colonialism contributed to economic and political problems in
colonized countries that persisted even after most of the countries freed
themselves from their colonizing powers. However, a glance at the modern world
indicates that colonialism is disturbingly still active, such as in the
invading and conquering of other lands and peoples practiced by Russia, Israel,
China, etc. I think Donald Trump’s outrageous talk about annexing Greenland, Gaza, etc.
is an ugly attempt to resurrect colonialism. Colonialism caused centuries
of strife. Let’s not do it again.
Imperialism
1: the policy, practice, or advocacy of
extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial
acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life
of other areas
2: imperial government,
power, or authority: an imperial system
*Imperialism is similar to colonialism. I think the word is
just more focused on the colonizing power and its ruler, who could be an Emperor-
(Emperor- 1: the sovereign or supreme male monarch of an empire).
Another related ism word is Expansionism:a policy or practice
of expansion and
especially of territorial expansion by a nation. China’s territorial expansion
in the South China Sea and activities in other parts of the world could
probably be classified as imperialism / expansionism. Russia’s invasion of
Ukraine could be, as well. The last time the US acquired new territory was in
1947 when it claimed some Pacific Islands we had occupied during WWII. However,
because we still have so much territory and exert so much economic and military
pressure around the world we probably fit in the empire / imperialism category,
too.
Capitalism
: an economic system characterized by private or
corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by
private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that
are determined mainly by competition in a free market
*Capital means stuff you can use or sell. Capitalism means
he who has the stuff gets to decide what to do with the stuff, like whether to
sell it and how much to sell it for. Many people like capitalism because it
seems to provide a lot of choices and opportunities and reward hard work and
ingenuity. In theory, capitalism rewards the greatest contributors to society with
the most wealth while punishing foolish and lazy people with poverty. Some
people think capitalism is fair and works well, while others are skeptical. I’m
one of the skeptical ones because I think what the system rewards is not always
hard work and ingenuity, but often hereditary wealth and the ruthless
exploitation of others. What capitalism punishes is not just foolishness or
laziness, but also honesty, generosity, and the misfortune of being born to
not-rich parents.
*Capitalism is also unstable, because the more stuff you have, the more power and
influence you have, and you can use that to get even MORE stuff and MORE power,
in a kind of snowball effect. Money and power are linked to real things on the
planet that are limited in supply, like land and water, so as a few people
acquire massive amounts through the snowball effect, there’s less for everyone
else. Over time, in what some people call “late-stage capitalism,” most of the
stuff and most of the power end up controlled by just a small number of people with
big business monopolies – an oligarchy. Most economists think that capitalism
needs to be regulated in some manner to prevent that total monopolization of
money and power, but it’s hard to get the regulations to stick because those
with money and power are good at influencing the political process to escape
regulation.
Communism
1a: a system in which goods are owned in common and are
available to all as needed
1b: a theory advocating elimination of private property
2a: a doctrine based on revolutionary Marxian socialism and
Marxism-Leninism that was the official ideology of the Soviet Union
2b: a totalitarian system of government in which a single
authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production
2c: a final stage of society in Marxist theory in which the
state has withered away and economic goods are distributed equitably
2d: communist systems collectively
*This economic ism has some aspects that are appealing in
theory, like the emphasis on empowering workers, sharing resources, and taking
care of all people. However, it is typically coupled with one-party totalitarian
/ authoritarian political systems more concerned with state power than with human
rights and civil liberties. The track record of the world’s communist countries
is mostly bad, with lots of political corruption and bureaucracy, economic
woes, human rights abuses, etc. Today Cuba, China, Vietnam, Laos, and North
Korea are the remaining countries classified as communist. They vary in how
much government ownership and economic control they have. China has a lot of private
sector business activity so it’s kind of a blend of socialism and capitalism.
Socialism
1: any of various egalitarian economic and political
theories or movements advocating collective or governmental ownership and
administration of the means of production and distribution of goods [Egalitarianism is the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.]
2a: a system of society or group living in which there is
no private property
2b: a system or condition of society in which the means of
production are owned and controlled by the state
3: a stage of society in Marxist theory that is
transitional between capitalism and communism (see communism sense 2c) and is
distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done
*Socialism is where organizations and infrastructure are
funded and managed by the government, and the government provides various
services and help for people. It’s like the economic part of communism, but not
including the one-party authoritarian political system that usually goes along
with communism. To avoid the negative association with communism, some
countries with socialism specify that theirs is democratic socialism;
that there are still elections and multiple, competing political parties.
*The
dictionary definition of socialism makes it out as an all-encompassing system
for a country, but I think it’s more common for countries to have a mixture of
socialism and capitalism. In the USA, for example, we call our economic system
capitalism but we actually have a lot of government-funded and managed
(socialist) institutions like our military, police, schools, transportation
systems, etc. I think it’s good that we have a mix, and that it makes sense for
some things to be run by the government and some things not. Other modern
democracies usually have socialized medicine; not-for-profit healthcare
provided by the government. I wish we had that here, because I don’t think our
for-profit healthcare system is effective, except maybe for rich people.
Authoritarianism
1: the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to
authority at the expense of personal freedom.
2: lack of concern for the wishes or opinions of others.
Totalitarianism
1: centralized control by an autocratic authority
2: the political concept that the citizen should be totally
subject to an absolute state authority
*Authoritarianism and totalitarianism are about absolute power.
What the leader says, goes, without question. These are dangerous / untenable
isms because no human leader has ever been or will ever be wise enough or good enough
to wield absolute power for the benefit of all. Leaders at all levels, from
teachers to police chiefs to presidents, must be accountable to the people they
lead. In authoritarianism and totalitarianism they are not, so abuses of power
inevitably occur.
Officialism
: lack of flexibility and initiative combined
with excessive adherence to regulations in the behavior of usually
government officials
*This one isn’t commonly used. I’m only including it here
because it’s used later in the definition of bureaucracy.
Section 2: Ocracies
-cracy [as the ending of a word]
1: form of government. Also : state having such a form
2: social or political class (as of powerful persons)
3: theory of social organization
*Cracy traces back to the Greek word “kratos” which means strength
or power, so the -cracy words describe forms of societal power.
Democracy
1: government by the people : rule of the
majority, such as
1a: a form of government in which the people elect
representatives to make decisions, policies, laws, called also representative
democracy
1b: a form of government in which the people vote
directly against or in favor of decisions, policies, laws, etc., called
also direct democracy, pure democracy
2: a country, state, etc. whose form of government is democracy : a political unit that has a democratic government
3a: an organization or situation in which everyone is
treated equally and has the right to participate equally in management,
decision-making, etc.
3b: political, social, or economic
equality : the absence of hereditary or arbitrary class
distinctions or privileges
*Demo means people or the populace, so democracy means a
society where the power comes from the general population. I think that’s cool.
Kleptocracy
: government by those who seek chiefly status
and personal gain at the expense of the governed
also : a particular government of
this kind
*Klepto comes from the Greek word for thief, so kleptocracy
basically means being ruled by a thief or a class of thieves. We’ve definitely got
elements of that in our society today. Whether people are cheating or stealing
to get into power is debatable, but once in power they are certainly using
their positions of power to steal from the populace through insider trading,
cryptocurrency scams, awarding contracts to cronies, etc.
Kakistocracy
: government by the worst people
*The root of this one is the Greek word kákistos, which
means worst. (I thought it was going to be something to do with caca, a slang word for poop, but no.) It definitely seems like we’re in a kakistocracy now, with
incredibly selfish, cruel, and incompetent people grabbing power or being appointed
to positions of power. Like our crazy corrupt Lee County, FL Sherriff Carmine Marceno, who is almost getting chased out office by the locals but has his eyes on ascending into national politics, like many others in our system (e.g., his hero Donald Trump) who have miraculously seemed to fail upward.
Aristocracy
1: government by the best individuals or by a small
privileged class
2a: a government in which power is vested in a minority
consisting of those believed to be best qualified
2b: a state with such a government
3: a governing body or upper class usually made up of a
hereditary nobility
4: a class or group of people believed to be superior (as
in rank, wealth, or intellect)
*In Greek, aristos means best, so this originally meant
government by the best people; the opposite of kakistocracy. However, over time
we accepted “rich” or “noble-born” as a proxy for best. So now aristocracy means
rule by snooty rich people. I wouldn’t be opposed to a government led by the
actual best people, i.e., the most selfless, kind, brave, and intelligent
people, but I am strongly opposed to rule by the rich or hereditary “nobility.”
Plutocracy
1: government by the wealthy
2: a controlling class of the wealthy
*Ploutos is Greek for wealth, so plutocracy basically means
rule by the richest people. Because of the huge increase in absolute and
relative wealth of the richest people in the USA, they have gained a ridiculous
amount of power over our ostensibly democratic government. Just look at how stacked with billionaires the bleachers at Trump’s inauguration were. I think plutocracy
sucks for everyone except those very richest people, and we need to bring down
the super wealthy for democracy to work like its supposed to again. I don't think any individual in a country needs to have 100 or 1000 times as much wealth as an average individual in society. Even 10 times as much wealth as a normal person is getting excessive, in my opinion, so I think 10x should be the max. (Don't ask me how we would achieve that, I'm just brainstorming here.)
Autocracy
1: the authority or rule of an autocrat [a person (such as
a monarch) ruling with unlimited authority]
2: government in which one person possesses unlimited power
3: a community or state governed by autocracy
*Auto means self, and an autocracy is government where all
the ruling power is concentrated in one person (king, dictator, etc.) Autocracies
vary by how evil the autocrat is, but generally the autocrat is pretty evil and
the autocracy is awful for the average person in society. The saying, “Power tends
to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely,” which came from Britishbaron John Dalberg-Acton is apt when it comes to autocracies. Being able to do anything and get away
with it seems to bring out the worst in people, and the worst kind of people
are drawn to acquire autocratic power. E.g., Trump very clearly seeks to gain
and exercise the absolute powers of an autocrat. See kakistocracy again.
*It comes from the Greek “archein” (to rule) so it means a
form of rule.
Monarchy
1: undivided rule or absolute sovereignty by a single
person
2: a nation or state having a monarchical government
3: a government having a hereditary chief of state with
life tenure and powers varying from nominal to absolute
*Monarchy is a type of autocracy where the all-powerful individual passes the power on hereditarily to their offspring. We don’t have it in the
US, yet, although we have a penchant for supporting family dynasties in
politics, and Trump certainly seems to want to be a king with his gold
hair and gold toilets and everything. Monarchy sucks. We had a whole
revolutionary war about this. Please, please let’s not go back to monarchy.
2: government characterized by specialization of functions,
adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority
3: a system of administration marked by officialism, red
tape, and proliferation
*We usually focus on the negative aspect of bureaucracy, like in definition #3. However, the other definitions of bureaucracy
are a good reminder that bureaucracies can serve important purposes in a society,
ensuring that things get done in an organized, lawful, manner. Government
organizations like the EPA, NASA, etc. are bureaucracies in the sense that they are mostly staffed by experts who were
not elected, per se, but who were hired because of their qualifications and demonstrated
abilities. People celebrating the actions of “DOGE” and other “anti-government”
elements of the new Trump government are tragically unaware of the important
ways our much-maligned federal bureaucracies actually maintain the lawful and healthy
functioning of society. The functioning of bureaucracies can be improved by
carefully cutting and stitching like a surgeon, but what’s happening now with
DOGE, etc. is hacking away with a chainsaw, creating extreme dysfunction that
will be very hard to repair.
Anarchy
1a: absence of government
1b: a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the
absence of governmental authority
1c: a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete
freedom without government
2a: absence or denial of any authority or established order
2b: absence of order : disorder
*An- means without, so anarchy means without rule, or without government. It might be
possible to have a small, informal society without leaders or hierarchy, and it
could be nice. But I think even the mellowest commune still has to adhere to some
group norms of reciprocal altruism and stuff. I don’t think anarchy or
super-minimal government is a viable option for the large and technologically
advanced societies of today. When governments collapse, like in Haiti, it tends
to be a nightmare of warring gangs of criminals, starvation, disease, etc. – not
a utopia.
Oligarchy
1: government by the few
2: a government in which a small group
exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. Also : a
group exercising such control
*The root of this word is the Greek “oligoi” which means
few. In marine biology there’s a group of worms called oligochaetes because
they have few bristles (in contrast with polychaete worms, which have many
bristles). Another marine science term with oligo in it is oligohaline,
describing waters of low salinity, like where an estuary is transitioning to
fresh water. Anyway, oligochaetes like to live in shitty water quality conditions,
and oligarchy is a shitty form of rule by a wealthy minority who favor
environmental deregulation to advance their industrial and development schemes,
which lead to poor water quality and a prevalence of oligochaete worms feasting
on sewage and filth where more diverse sea bottom communities once thrived. So it
comes full circle. Federal legislators Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio
Cortez are doing a “Fighting Oligarchy” tour of rallies now, which I think is
well aimed at oligarchs (e.g., Trump, Musk, Bezos, Zuckerberg) and the
weaknesses in our system (weak campaign finance laws, etc.) that have allowed
them to take control. I think democracies can easily degrade into oligarchies as the political system
is increasingly corrupted and controlled by the wealthiest people and the power
of the general populace is weakened. So we really do need to fight HARD against
that trend to restore and maintain a healthy, lasting democracy.
Patriarchy
1: social organization marked by the supremacy of the
father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and
the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line
broadly: control by men of a disproportionately
large share of power
2: a society or institution organized according to the
principles or practices of patriarchy
*The Greek patriarkhia means “ruling father,”
so the etymology of this one is clear. Parents in general (mothers and fathers)
are important in caring for and educating kids, and family units are like
micro-societies from which the broader structures of society are built. Fathers
and other males can be positive contributors to families and society. For
example, I love and appreciate my dad, who is kind, caring, and responsible and
worked hard to support our family not just financially but also by being
involved and emotionally supportive. Men should participate in families and
society. However, it’s extremely harmful for society when men dominate, depriving
women of their share of power. Some negative familial and societal consequences
of patriarchy include: 1) Worse ideas and less qualified people prevail, on
average, because women and their ideas are not given a fair chance, 2) There’s
an unfair distribution of work and rewards, where women have to do more work
but men get more praise and pay, 3) Unfair/impossible expectations and
standards for women, mainly oriented to pleasing but not threatening men, while
men get a pass, 4) Male criminals (rapists, abusers, etc.) protected from
consequences, 5) Money and resources are disproportionately directed to issues
appealing to men even when women have more urgent needs. This is by no means a
comprehensive list. The recent “Barbie” movie did a good job pointing out the pervasive harms of patriarchy.
3a: a form of government in which absolute
power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique
b: a government organization or group in which
absolute power is so concentrated
c: a despotic state
*This word fits in with the family of words describing strict
rule by a small group of people (plutocracy, autocracy, oligarchy, monarchy, authoritarianism,
totalitarianism, etc.), but it implies an even more extreme concentration of
power, in just one person. I included the definition of dictator below to make
it clear.
Dictator
1a: a person granted absolute emergency power
1b: one holding complete autocratic control : a person with
unlimited governmental power
1c: one ruling in an absolute and often oppressive way
2: one who says or reads something for a person to
transcribe or for a machine to record: one that dictates
*1a, 1b, and 1c are the politically relevant dictator
definitions; 2 is a rarely used term for someone who is literally speaking words
to be recorded. I would say that Trump is a “wannabe” dictator because he wants
absolute power but doesn’t quite have it yet. He seems to creepily idolize
actual dictators like El Salvador’s self-described “coolest dictator” Nayib Bukele,
and of course Russia’s autocratic leader Vladimir Putin.
Tyranny
1: oppressive power, especially: oppressive power exerted
by government
2a: a government in which absolute power is vested in a
single ruler, especially: one characteristic of an ancient Greek city-state
2b: the office, authority, and administration of a tyrant
3: a rigorous condition imposed by some outside agency or
force
4: an oppressive, harsh, or unjust act : a tyrannical act
*A tyrant is a cruel and oppressive ruler, so there’s no “good”
tyranny. In the American Revolution our founders used the word tyranny a lot to
describe the oppressive nature of the British Monarchy they were fighting to escape.
I see the word tyranny being used a lot to describe cruel and oppressive aspects
of government. Sometimes it’s used fittingly, and other times overly
dramatically. Keep your eyes out for tyranny, and resist the hell out of it, please.
I'm a marine biology professor at Florida Gulf Coast University. My professional page is here, my personal blog is here, and my no-longer-maintained science blog is here.
